Criminal Legal Reform

The ACLU of Maine seeks to end excessively harsh criminal law policies that disproportionately affect poor people and people of color and stand in the way of a just and equal society.

Issue Page

What you need to know

3x

Black people are three times more likely to be killed by police than white people in the U.S.

10 million

Each year more than 10 million people in the U.S. are locked in local jails.

500%

The federal prison population has increased by almost 500% in the last 40 years.

We're suing Maine for failing to provide effective legal assistance to people who cannot afford their own attorney.

We advocate for the constitutional and civil rights of those impacted by the criminal legal system.

The ACLU of Maine works in the courts, at the State House, and with local communities to reform policing, strengthen the indigent defense system, address disproportionate sentencing, protect the rights of people in custody, and hold government officials accountable when they abuse their authority.

We believe that everyone deserves a fair chance to defend themselves, whether or not they can afford to hire a lawyer. That means ensuring that people facing criminal charges have meaningful access to effective legal representation, that courts uphold the right to a speedy and fair trial, and that people are not unnecessarily held in jail simply because they cannot afford bail or a lawyer.

We also advocate for policies that reduce unnecessary incarceration and excessive punishment while promoting safe and healthy communities. We fight against practices that criminalize poverty and homelessness, unnecessarily expand the criminal legal system, or impose harsh penalties without improving public safety. We also work to ensure that law enforcement officers and other government officials are held responsible when they violate our constitutional rights.

For decades, policies enacted in the name of public safety have contributed to the growth of the criminal legal system without actually making communities safer. The ACLU of Maine works to build a system that protects public safety while respecting individual rights, treating people fairly, and recognizing the dignity of everyone who comes into contact with it.

Featured Cases

The Latest


Press Release
Police car with lights on

Maine Law Court Strengthens Miranda Rights, Protections from Self-Incrimination

The decision in State of Maine v. McLain clarifies that police must obtain a clear waiver of rights during interrogations, expanding state-level protections even as federal courts have weakened Miranda rights.
Issue Areas: Criminal Legal Reform
Press Release
Capital Judicial Center.jpg

Court Orders Maine to Provide Counsel and Create Plan to End Constitutional Crisis

We're presenting arguments on how Maine can end widespread Sixth Amendment violations. When the state chooses to charge a person with a crime, it is the state's responsibility to provide effective assistance of counsel to all who cannot afford their own.
Issue Areas: Criminal Legal Reform
Press Release
Lady Justice holding the balance scales

Court Rules Maine is Widely Violating Sixth Amendment by Denying Attorneys

The Kennebec County Superior Court ruled the State of Maine is violating the Sixth Amendment rights of hundreds of people by failing to provide attorneys to people charged with a crime.
Issue Areas: Criminal Legal Reform
Press Release
Yellow background with jail bars and handcuffs overlayed

ACLU of Maine Seeking Protections from Unchecked Police Power at Maine Supreme Judicial Court

We're at Maine's highest court arguing for increased protections from unreasonable warrantless arrests following the 2018 detention, arrest, and strip search of a York County man.
Issue Areas: Criminal Legal Reform

Cases, Campaigns & Legislation


Court Case
Jan 8, 2026

Robbins v. State of Maine – Right to Counsel

We're suing the state for failing to provide effective legal assistance to people who cannot afford their own attorney – just as the Sixth Amendment demands. A person’s freedom should never depend on their wealth.
Court Case
Aug 29, 2025

Maine v. McLain - Miranda Rights

This landmark case expanded Maine people’s rights when under police interrogation, offering stronger protections than federal law. We filed a friend-of-the-court brief and argued before Maine’s highest court.
Court Case
Jul 10, 2025

Gaul v. York County – Reining In Unchecked Police Power

We're suing to protect Maine's people from unreasonable warrantless arrests after a York County man was detained, arrested, and strip searched for a minor, nonviolent misdemeanor charge – all without a warrant or any public safety or flight risk. Police officers should not have the authority to arrest people for minor misdemeanors without a single justification.
Court Case
Apr 30, 2019

Smith v. Aroostook County - Prisoners' Rights

Aroostook County Jail denied medical treatment to incarcerated people with opioid use disorder, violating their rights under the Constitution and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In a major victory, a federal appeals court ordered the jail to provide our client with medication-assisted treatment, establishing the right for all in Maine and the First Circuit.